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Why thin fabrics can be warm

Short answer: Warmth comes from the air a fabric holds, not from how thick it is. A thin but dense fabric can hold mo...

What fabric density means for airflow

Short answer: The closer the threads lie, the less air gets through the fabric. Density decides both how warm a fabri...

How a fabric breathes

Short answer: A fabric breathes when water vapour can pass through it and out into the air. That depends on how open ...

Why air between the layers keeps you warm

Short answer: Still air is a very poor conductor of heat, and that is exactly why it keeps you warm. Clothing warms y...

What evaporation does to body temperature

Short answer: When sweat evaporates it draws heat out of the skin, and that is the body's main way of cooling itself....

Why a wet layer pulls heat out of the skin

Short answer: Water conducts heat far better than air, so a wet layer draws heat away from the skin many times faster...

How a fibre takes up water

Short answer: Water works its way in between the fibre's molecular chains and binds to the spots that attract water. ...

Why soap residue stiffens fabric

Short answer: Detergent that is not rinsed out dries into a hard film between the fibres. The film binds the fibres t...

Limescale in the machine and stiff towels

Short answer: Limescale builds up both in the machine and in your clothes, and both make washing less effective. A ma...

What hard water does to fabric

Short answer: Hard water contains limescale, which bonds to fibres and soap. The result is a greyish film that makes ...

What chlorine does to a fibre

Short answer: Chlorine is a strong oxidising agent that breaks the long molecular chains in the fibre. The fabric fir...

Why clothes fade by a window

Short answer: A window blocks some ultraviolet light, but not all of it, and over weeks that is enough to bleach fabr...

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